Complicações pulmonares em pacientes com doença falciforme
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53660/PRW-2414-4418Palavras-chave:
Doença falciforme, Síndrome torácica aguda, Hipertensão pulmonar, PneumoniaResumo
A doença falciforme (DF) é uma desordem genética que através de uma mutação de ponto resulta na hemoglobina S (HbS) e culmina em uma série de manifestações clínicas, como fenômenos vaso-oclusivos e alterações pulmonares. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa acerca dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e clínicos da DF, em relação às alterações pulmonares apresentadas pelos pacientes. As principais complicações cardiopulmonares são síndrome torácica aguda, pneumonia e hipertensão pulmonar, cuja etiologia pode também estar relacionada a uma série de infecções virais e bacterianas. Diversos mediadores inflamatórios encontram-se elevados na exacerbação da doença falciforme, em especial a substância P, que age como marcador dos episódios de vaso-oclusão. O tratamento com hidroxiureia reduz os níveis de HbS; e a fisioterapia respiratória evita perdas funcionais e mantém a oxigenação tecidual em níveis satisfatórios. Desta forma, é notório a importância de monitorizar os níveis de HbS em indivíduos com doença falciforme periodicamente.
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