Females and hermaphrodites of papaya (Carica papaya L.) of the Tainung Nº1 cultivar exhibit the same initial vigor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53660/829.prw2255Palavras-chave:
Sexual differentiation, Multivariate analysis, Seedling stageResumo
The sexual types of papaya plants (Carica papaya L.), namely female, male, and hermaphrodite, can only be distinguished during their reproductive phase. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted to identify distinctive characteristics among these sexual types in papaya seedlings. One hypothesis suggests that leaf temperature and initial vigor may serve as differentiating factors in female and hermaphroditic plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to contribute to the morphophysiological characterization of female and hermaphroditic papaya seedlings (cv. Tainung Nº1) by evaluating leaf temperature and initial growth vigor. The analysis was performed using a T-test (p < 0.05), employing a predictive approach as well to assess the potential genetic distance between the hermaphroditic and female sexual varieties. The results revealed that both hermaphroditic and female seedlings exhibited an average leaf temperature of 26.76°C, along with similar initial growth vigor. Consequently, the limited genetic differentiation, as well as the evaluated characteristics of the plants during the seedling stage, were insufficient to predict the sexual type of the plants.
Downloads
Referências
ARANGO, L. V.; DE REZENDE, C. R.; DE CARVALHO, S. P. Identificação antecipada do sexo do mamoeiro pelos caracteres físicos das sementes e padrões isoenzimáticos das mudas. Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 22–29, 6 Jul. 2008. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol9_num1_art:101.
BABU, K. D.; PATEL, R. K.; YADAV, A. S., D. S.; SINGH, A.; YADAV, D. S.; DE, L. C.; DEKA, B. C. SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH AND VIGOUR OF PAPAYA UNDER NORTH EAST INDIAN CONDITION. Acta Horticulturae, no. 851, p. 299–306, Jan. 2010. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.851.46.
BAIYERI, K. P. Seedling emergence and growth of pawpaw (Carica papaya) grown under different coloured shade polyethylene. vol. 20, p. 77–84, 2006. .
CHAN, Y.-K. Breeding Papaya (Carica papaya L.). In: JAIN, S. M.; PRIYADARSHAN, P. M. (eds.). Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Tropical Species. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. p. 121–159. DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-71201-7_4. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-0-387-71201-7_4. Accessed on: 11 Mar. 2023.
CHIORATO, A. F.; CARBONELL, S. A. M.; BENCHIMOL, L. L.; CHIAVEGATO, M. B.; DIAS, L. A. dos S.; COLOMBO, C. A. Genetic diversity in common bean accessions evaluated by means of morpho-agronomical and RAPD data. Scientia Agricola, vol. 64, p. 256–262, Jun. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162007000300007.
CHUTTEANG, C.; YINGJAJAVAL, S.; WASEE, S. LEAF PHOTOSYNTHETIC POTENTIAL OF FEMALE AND HERMAPHRODITE PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA CV. KHAEG NUAN). Acta Horticulturae, no. 740, p. 197–202, Mar. 2007. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.740.23.
COSTA, A. F. S.; COSTA, A. N.; SANTOS, F. M.; BARRETO, F. C.; ZUFFO, V. J. Plantio, formação e manejo da cultura. A cultura do mamoeiro: tecnologias de produção. Vitória, ES: INCAPER: MARTINS, D. S.; COSTA, A. F. S. da., 2003. p. 127–159.
CRUZ, C. D.; REGAZZI, A. J. Modelos biométricos aplicados ao melhoramento genético. [S. l.]: UFV, 2001.
DANTAS, J. L. L.; CASTRO NETO, M. T. Aspectos botânicos e fisiológicos. Mamão produção: aspectos técnicos. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura: Trindade, A. V., 2000. p. 11–13.
GALILI, T. dendextend: an R package for visualizing, adjusting and comparing trees of hierarchical clustering. Bioinformatics, vol. 31, no. 22, p. 3718–3720, 15 Nov. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv428.
GOWER, J. C. A General Coefficient of Similarity and Some of Its Properties. Biometrics, vol. 27, no. 4, p. 857–871, 1971. .
IBGE. IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Produção Agrícola Municipal. 2020. Available at: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/. Accessed on: 10 Sep. 2021.
INTERNATIONAL PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES INSTITUTE (Ed.). Descriptors for papaya. Rome: IPGRI, 1988.
LIN, H.; LIAO, Z.; ZHANG, L.; YU, Q. Transcriptome analysis of the male-to-hermaphrodite sex reversal induced by low temperature in papaya. Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 94, Oct. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-1055-2.
LUZ, L. N. D.; PEREIRA, M. G.; BARROS, F. R.; BARROS, G. D. B.; FERREGUETTI, G. A. NOVOS HÍBRIDOS DE MAMOEIRO AVALIADOS NAS CONDIÇÕES DE CULTIVO TRADICIONAL E NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, vol. 37, no. 1, p. 159–171, Mar. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-069/14.
MARCO, K. de; DALLACORT, R.; JUNIOR, S. S.; JÚNIOR, C. A. F.; SILVA, E. S. da. Aptidão Agroclimática do Feijoeiro-Comum às Regiões Produtoras do Estado de Mato Grosso. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 558–571, 2014. .
MING, R.; YU, Q.; MOORE, P. H. Sex determination in papaya. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 401–408, Jun. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.11.013.
MONTEIRO, E. R.; BASTOS, E. M.; LOPES, Â. C. de A.; GOMES, R. L. F.; NUNES, J. A. R. Diversidade genética entre acessos de espécies cultivadas de pimentas. Ciência Rural, vol. 40, p. 258–263, Feb. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782010005000015.
OLIVEIRA, E. J. de; DANTAS, J. L. L.; CASTELLEN, M. da S.; LIMA, D. S. de; BARBOSA, H. de S.; MOTTA, T. B. N. Marcadores moleculares na predição do sexo em plantas de mamoeiro. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, vol. 42, no. 12, p. 1747–1754, Dec. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2007001200012.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. a language and environment for statistical computing: reference index. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2010. Available at: http://www.polsci.wvu.edu/duval/PS603/Notes/R/fullrefman.pdf. Accessed on: 8 Oct. 2021.
RÉDEI, G. P. (Ed.). UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means). Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. p. 2068–2068. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_17806. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_17806. Accessed on: 28 Jun. 2021.
ROJAS, T. Y.; RAMOS, R. R.; SALAZAR, C. R. Posible relación del sexo con algunas características morfológicas y agronómicas de la papaya Carica papaya L. Acta Agronómica, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 20–33, 1985. .
SANCHES, N. F.; DANTAS, J. L. L. O cultivo do mamão. Cruz das Almas, BA: [s. n.], 1999. vol. 34, . Available at: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/642741.
SÃO JOSÉ, A. R.; CUNHA, R. J. P. Influência da posição da semente no fruto do mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) sobre a percentagem de germinação, expressão do sexo e vigor das mudas. Cientifica, vol. 16, p. 239–241, 1988. .
SERRANO, L. A. L.; CATTANEO, L. F. O cultivo do mamoeiro no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, vol. 32, no. 3, Sep. 2010. DOI 10.1590/S0100-29452010000300001. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452010000300001&lng=pt&tlng=pt. Accessed on: 11 Mar. 2023.
SONDUR, S. N.; MANSHARDT, R. M.; STILES, J. I. Genetics of growth rate and flowering time in papaya (Carica papaya L.). Journal of quantitative trait loci JQTL, 1995. Available at: https://wheat.pw.usda.gov/jag/papers95/paper495/jq18r2.html.
SONI, A.; PRAKASH, J.; SINGH, S. K.; GOSWAMI, A. K.; DHAKAR, S. Morphological Markers Related to Sex Expression in Papaya (Carica papaya L.). International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 526–531, 2017. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5132.
TRINDADE, A. V. Mamão: produção : aspectos técnicos. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Comunicação para Transferência de Tecnologia, 2000.
VANBUREN, R.; ZENG, F.; CHEN, C.; ZHANG, J.; WAI, C. M.; HAN, J.; ARYAL, R.; GSCHWEND, A. R.; WANG, J.; NA, J.-K.; HUANG, L.; ZHANG, L.; MIAO, W.; GOU, J.; ARRO, J.; GUYOT, R.; MOORE, R. C.; WANG, M.-L.; ZEE, F.; … MING, R. Origin and domestication of papaya Y h chromosome. Genome Research, vol. 25, no. 4, p. 524–533, Apr. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.183905.114.
VASCONCELOS, L. M.; BRITO, A. C.; CARMO, C. D.; OLIVEIRA, P. H. G. A.; OLIVEIRA, E. J. Phenotypic diversity of starch granules in cassava germplasm. Genetics and molecular research: GMR, vol. 16, no. 2, 13 Apr. 2017. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029276.
VASHISTHA, P.; YADAV, A.; DWIVEDI, U. N.; YADAV, K. Genetics of Sex Chromosomes and Sex-linked Molecular Markers in Papaya (Carica papaya L.). Molecular Plant Breeding, 2016. DOI 10.5376/mpb.2016.07.0028. Available at: http://biopublisher.ca/index.php/mpb/article/view/2575. Accessed on: 16 Feb. 2022.
VIVAS, M.; CARDOSO, D. L.; RAMOS, H. C. C.; SANTOS, P. H. D. dos; SILVEIRA, S. F. da; MORAES, R. de; PEREIRA, M. G. Genetic diversity between papaya lines and their correlation with heterosis in hybrids for disease resistance and morpho-agronomic traits. Summa Phytopathologica, vol. 44, p. 110–115, Jun. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/176828.
WANG, J.; NA, J.-K.; YU, Q.; GSCHWEND, A. R.; HAN, J.; ZENG, F.; ARYAL, R.; VANBUREN, R.; MURRAY, J. E.; ZHANG, W.; NAVAJAS-PEREZ, R.; FELTUS, F. A.; LEMKE, C.; TONG, E. J.; CHEN, C.; MAN WAI, C.; SINGH, R.; WANG, M.-L.; MIN, X. J.; … MING, R. Sequencing papaya X and Yh chromosomes reveals molecular basis of incipient sex chromosome evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 109, no. 34, p. 13710–13715, 21 Aug. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207833109.
WICKHAM, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. 2nd ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2016(Use R!). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4.
WISNER, L. V. A. Determinação precoce do sexo do mamoeiro por caracteres físicos das sementes e padrões isoenzimáticos das mudas. 2004. 42 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 2004.
ZHOU, P.; FATIMA, M.; MA, X.; LIU, J.; MING, R. Auxin regulation involved in gynoecium morphogenesis of papaya flowers. Horticulture Research, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 119, Dec. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0205-8.
