Cadmium-contaminated jambu: carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to human health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53660/1367.prw2904Palavras-chave:
Adverse effects;, Heavy metals, human healthResumo
As industries develop and population grows exponentially, product consumption and production increase the generation of waste released into the environment. These residues released mainly from processing industries and the use of phosphate-based fertilizers are accompanied by trace elements. These trace elements can contaminate soils used to grow vegetables. From this perspective, jambu attracts attention due to the fact that it is a plant that can grow in an environment contaminated with cadmium. Its ability to accumulate Cd and the constant expansion of industrial activities to the vicinity of cultivation areas can expose the population to risk. Therefore, the following research used carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk equations to estimate risk values. Three edible parts of jambu (stem, leaf and flower) contaminated with cadmium were studied and the objective was to answer whether contaminated jambu really poses a risk to the population, which doses most pose a carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risk and what are the possible risks inflicted on humans.
Downloads
Referências
ABDU, N.; ABDULLAHI, A.A.; ABDULKADIR, A. Heavy metals and soil microbes. Environmental chemistry letters. V. 15, pp. 65-84, sep, 2016.
ALADESANMI, O. T.; OROBOADE, J. G.; OSISIOGU, C. P.; OSEWOLE, A. O. Bioaccumulation factor of selected heavy metals in Zea mays. Journal of health & pollution. V. 9, N. 24, pp, 1-19, dec, 2019.
ALLOWAY, B.J. Heavy metals in soil. Springer, 2013.
ANVISA. Normative Instruction No. 88 of March 26, 2021. Brasil. ASHIZAWA, A.
CHEN, H.; YANG, X.; WANG, P.; WANG, Z.; LI, M.; ZHAO, F. J. Dietary cadmium intake from rice and vegetables and potential health risk: A case study in Xiangtan, southern China. Science of the Total Environment. V. 639, pp, 271-277, may, 2018a.
CHO, Y. A.; KIM, J.; WOO, G. D.; KANG, M. Dietary intake and the risk of cancer: A meta-analysis. Plos One. V. 8, N. 9, pp, 1-8, sep, 2013.
CRIST, E; MORA, C; ENGELMAN, R. The interaction of human population, food production, and biodiversity protection. Science. April, 2017.
CWIELAG-DRABEK, M.; PIEKUT, A.; GUT, K.; GRABOWSKI, M. Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting past. Scientific Reports. V. 10, N. 3363, pp, 1-9, feb, 2020.
DU, B.; ZHOU, J.; LU, B.; ZHANG, C.; LI, D.; ZHOU, J.; JIAO, S.; ZHAO, K.; ZHANG, H. Environmental and human health risks from cadmium exposure near an active lead-zinc mine and a copper smelter, China. Science of the Total Environment. V. 720, pp, 1-9, feb, 2020.
GEBEYEHU, H. R.; BAYISSA, L. D. Levels of heavy metals in soil and vegetables and associated health risks in Mojo area, Ethiopia. Heavy metals in soil and vegetables and potential health risk. V. 15, N. 1, pp, 1-22, Jan, 2020.
GENCHI, G.; SINICROPI, M. S.; LAURIA, G.; CAROCCI, A.; CATALANO, A. The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, V. 17, N. 11, pp, 3782-3805, may, 2020.
GLAVAC, N. K.; DJOGO, S.;RAZIC, S.; KREFT, S.; VEBER, M. Accumulation of heavy metals from soil in medicinal plants. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. V. 68, N. 3, pp. 236-244, Jul, 2017.
HAYAT, M. T.; NAUMAN, M.; NAZIR, N.; ALI, S.; BANGASH, N. Environmental Hazards of Cadmium: past, present, and future. Cadmium Toxicity And Tolerance In Plants. V. 1, N. 1, pp. 163-183. 2019.
HU, B.; JIA, X.; HU, J.; XU, D.; XIA, F.; LI, Y. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. V. 14, N. 1042, pp, 1-18, sep, 2017.
HUANG, W. L.; CHANG, W. H.; CHENG, S. F.; LI, H. Y.; CHEN, H. L. Potential risk of consuming vegetables planted in soil with copper and cadmium and the influence on vegetable antioxidant activity. Applied Sciences. V. 11, N. 3761, pp, 1-15, April, 2021.
HUNGRIA, L. C.; OLIVEIRA, E. S.; SAMPAIO, I. M. G.; SOUZA, E. S.; FERNANDES, A. R. Tolerance of Jambu (Acmella oleracea) plants grown in cadmium- contaminated soil. Brazilian Journal of Development, V. 5, N. 11, pp, 26211-26219, Nov, 2019.
ILECHUKWU, I.; OSUJI, L. C.; OKOLI, C. P.; ONYEMA, M. O.; NDUKWE, G. I. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils and health risk consequences of human exposure within the vicinity of hot mix asphalt plants in Rivers State, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. V. 193, pp, 461-475, july, 2021.
ISMAEL, M. A.; ELYAMINE, A. M.; MOUSSA, M. G.; CAI, M.; ZHAO, X.; HU, C. Cadmium in plants: uptake, toxicity, and its interactions with selenium fertilizers. Royal Society of Chemistry. V. 11, pp, 255-277, 2019.
JULIN, B.; WOLK, A.; BERGKVIST, L.; BOTTAI, M.; AKESSON, A. Dietary cadmium exposure and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: A population-based prospective cohort study. Prevention and Epidemiology. V. 72, N. 6, pp, 1459-1466, Mar, 2012.
KABATA-PENDIAS, A. Trace Elements in soils and plants. CRC press, 2011. KE, S.; CHENG, X. Y.; ZHANG, N.; HU, H. G.; YAN, Q.; HOU, L. L.; SUN, X.; CHEN, Z. N. Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. V. 187, pp, 407-418, pp, may, 2015.
KE, SHEN; CHENG, XI-YU; ZHANG, NI; HU, HONG-GANG; YAN, QIONG; HOU, LING-LING; SUN, XIN; CHEN, ZHI-NAN. Cadmium contamination of rice from various polluted areas of China and its potential risks to human health. Environmental Monitoring And Assessment, v. 187, n. 7, p. 407-418, 6 jun. 2015.
LIN, J.; ZHANG, F.; LEI, Y. Dietary intake and urinary level of cadmium and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiology. V. 42, pp, 101-107, April, 2016.
LUCKETT, B. G.; SU, L. J.; ROOD, J. C.; FONTHAM, E. T. H. Cadmium exposure and pancreatic cancer in South Louisiana. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. V. 2012, pp, 1-12, nov, 2012.
MOHAMMADI, A. A.; ZAREI, A.; ESMAEILZADEH, M.; TAGHAVI, M.; YOUSEFI, M.; YOUSEFI, Z.; SEDIGHI, F.; JAVAN, S. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risks assessment in soils around na industrial zone in Neyshabur, Iran. Biological Trace Elements research. V, 195, pp, 343-352, Jul, 2019.
MOKARRAM, M.; POURGHASEMI, H. R.; COULON, F. Investigation of plant contamination to Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd and its relationship with spectral reflections. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. V. 28, pp, 37830-37842, Mar, 2021.
OLIVEIRA, E. S. Biofortification and selenium toxicity and phytoextraction of cadmium in jambu plants grown in hydroponics. Thesis (Doctorate in Agronomy). Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. 2021.
OLIVEIRA, E. S.; SAMPAIO, I. M . G.; BITTENCOURT, R. F. P. M.; OLIVEIRA, G. M. T. S.; JUNIOR, M. L. S.; SANTOS, W. A. S. Alterations in macro and micronutrient uptake by Jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen) exposed to cadmium. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research. V. 20, N. 2, pp. 1-11, 2022a.
OLIVEIRA, E. S.; SAMPAIO, I. M. G.; BITTENCOURT, R. F. P. M.; OLIVEIRA, G. M. T. S.; JUNIOR, M. L. S.; SANTANA, A. C.; CASTRO, G. L. S.; RIBEIRO, H. M. C.; SANTOS, W. A. S. Cadmium Effects on Jambu Plants: An Approach Using Multivariate Indicators. SSRN Electronic Journals: The English & Commonwealth Law Abstracts Journal. v. 1, 2022b.
QIN, S.; LIU, H.; NIE, Z.; RENGEL, Z.; GAO, W.; LI, C.; ZHAO, P. Toxicity of cadmium and its competition with mineral nutrients for uptake by plants: A review. Pedosphere. V. 30, N. 2, pp, 168-180, 2019.
QING, Y.; YANG, J.; ZHU, Y.; LI, Y.; MA, W.; ZHANG, C.; LI, X.; WU, M.; WANG, H.; KAUFFMAN, A. E.; XIAO, S.; ZHENG, W.; HE, G. Cancer risk and disease burden of dietary cadmium exposure changes in Shanghai residents from 1988 to 2018. Science of the Total Environment. V. 734, pp, 1-8, may, 2020.
REHMAN, Z. U.; KHAN, S.; QIN, K.; BRUSSEAU, M. L.; SHAH, M. T.; DIN, I. Quantification of inorganic arsenic exposure and cancer risk via consumption of vegetables in Southern selected districts of Paskitan. Science of the Total Environment. V. 550, pp, 321-329, Jan 2016.
R CORE TEAM. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 4.1.1. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2023.
SATPATHY, D.; REDDY, M. V.; DHAL, S. P. Risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in paddy soil, plants, and grains (Oryza sativa L.) at the east coast of India. BioMed Research International. V. 2014, pp, 1-12, Jun, 2014.
SONG, J. K.; LUO, H.; YIN, X. H.; HUANG, G. L.; LUO, S. Y.; LIN, D. R.; YUAN, D.; ZHANG, W.; ZHU, J. G. Association between cadmium exposure and renal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Scientific Reports. Dec, 2015.
WANG, X. Z.; XI-BANG, H.; ZHEN-CHENG, X.; LI-MEI, C.; JUN-NENG, W.; DONG, Z.; HONG-JIA, H. Cadmium in agricultural soils, vegetables and rice and potential health risk in vicinity of Dabaoshan Mine in Shaoguan, China. Journal of Central South University. V. 21, pp, 2004-2010, Nov, 2014.
WANG, B.; DU, Y. Cadmium and its neurotoxic effects. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. V. 2013, pp, 1-12, Jun, 2013.
WANG, M.; CHEN, Z.; SONG, W.; HONG, D.; HUANG, L.; LI, Y. A review on cadmium exposure in the population and intervention strategies against cadmium toxicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. V. 106, pp, 65- 74, Jan, 2021.
YANG, D.; GUO, Z.; GREEN, I. D.; XIE, D. Effect of cadmium accumulation on mineral nutrient levels in vegetable crops: potential implications for human health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. V. 23, pp, 19744- 19753, Jul, 2016.
YANG, J.; MA, S.; ZHOU, J.; SONG, Y.; LI, F. Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables and health risk assessment of inhabitants in Dayes, China. Journal of International Medical Research. V. 46, N. 8, pp, 3374-3387, Jan, 2018.
ZHENG, N.; WANG, Q.; ZHENG, D. Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu to the inhabitants around huludao zinc plant in china via consumption of vegetables. Science of the Total Environment. V. 383, pp, 81-89, Jun, 2007.
ZHONG, T.; XUE, D.; ZHAO, L.; ZHANG, X. Concentration of heavy metals in vegetables and potential health risk assessment in China. Environmental Geochemical Health. V. 40, pp, 313-322, feb, 2018.
